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I know that the VA had some issues with 16" fitment. In my opinion the taller sidewall would be ideal but I don't know the fitment.

17s should do fine. If I recall they have a factory 17 so that should do nicely.

Winter tires range from performance oriented that function better in just cold, all the way to nokian studded tires that will basically go whatever direction the tires are pointed and stop better than performance oriented ones when you deal with ice, snow, and slush.

With a broad scope any winter tire is better than an all season in the winter. All seasons are ok at most things but not good at one thing.